Oppressive rule of most 19th century czar had caused widespread social unrest in Russia. Anger over social inequalities and ruthless treatment of peasants grew. The unfair government system began to spark many violent reactions. In 1825 Army officers revolted, hundreds of peasants rioted, and secret revolutionary groups began to form and plotted to overthrow the government. In 1881, student revolutionaries were angry over slow political change, and they assassinated the reform-minded czar Alexander II. Alexander III followed Alexander II, and was a harsh ruler; he ruled with an iron fist. He avenged his father’s murder in the peasant uprising by issuing pogroms (organized violence) against Jews. When Nicholas II became czar in 1894, he continued the tradition of autocracy in Russia. Unfortunately after decades of constant rule the Russians became quite frustrated with being under the controlled by a monarchy. The Russian's were essentially living in the equivalent of Medieval times because none of the Russian people had a say in anything and they were late to industrialize, so there was often starvation and disease, plus 4 out of 5 Russians were peasants. Russia had lots of debt and little supplies, not enough to even full their army, the country itself is huge, and has 11 different time zones. Only 25% of Russia was really good farmland. Nicholas II goal was to industrialize Russia, to become competitive with the rest of Europe, and began to build steel industries. There was massive industrialization, and a rise of taxes and harsh working conditions. This unpleased the workers, and during 1905 unarmed protesters gather at the czar’s palace to protest working conditions. This event which is later know as Bloody Sunday will contribute to the Czar’s three fatal mistakes that will lead to him being abdicated from the throne and the start of the Revolution. On the Sunday that the rioters were protesting czar Nicholas II order that the guards shoot the protesters, this is why the Sunday has become know as Bloody Sunday. The second mistake is when the Russians fought in the Russo-Japanese war and lost, in 1904. The war was meant to be a boost to the Russian morale but failed because Russia lost the war badly. The third mistake was when Russia joined WWI. Russians were unclear of Russian support of Serbia, and the war devastated the already struggling Russian economy, plus millions were killed. These three mistakes led the abdication f Nicholas II from the throne, and the start of the Revolution. Nicholas II is a key part to the Revolution because he was one of the reasons it started because of his weak and insufficient leadership.